what is the weather like in the uk
There was a new record low of −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F) in Wales on 28 November 2010. The maximum recorded temperature was 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) at Teignmouth in Devon and Plockton and Achnagart in the Highlands of Scotland on the 16th. Mean temperatures in Spring are markedly influenced by latitude. [5] The lowest temperature ever recorded in England occurred on 10 January 1982 in Newport, Shropshire. Over 300 people were killed by the floods in eastern England. [79], As with many parts of the world, over the last century the United Kingdom has reported a warming trend in temperatures. Wales and Scotland also gets the occasional thunderstorm. Wales tends to be wetter than England, with slightly less sunshine. Northern Ireland is drier and has fewer rainy days than Scotland throughout the year, except in May, when it rains on more days. Notably a low pressure storm system affected the UK with a central pressure of 914.0mb on 10 January 1993, however this figure is not recorded over the UK but out in the Atlantic, despite the system affecting the UK. The total rainfall varies from year to year – sometimes we’ll have little, but sometimes we’ll have a week of showers. 2011 and 2016 were notable as many areas of the country recorded their highest temperatures of the year in September and October (for example, 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) at Hawarden on 1 October, 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) at St. Athan on 2 October 2011 and the UK's highest temperature of 2016 on 13 September with 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) at Gravesend). Plan on packing the kinds of clothing that you can layer up or peel off depending on how you feel. It also means that it is damp and is subject to frequent changes. The climate in the United Kingdom is defined as a temperate oceanic climate, or Cfb on the Köppen climate classification system, a classification it shares with most of north-west Europe. When the weather warms up, people flock to Britain's beaches—and you should do the same! There is a fair chance of snow earlier in the season when temperatures are colder; often in March. Especially potent storm systems typically affect the UK during autumn and winter, with the winters of 1989/1990 and 2013/2014 particularly notable for the frequency and potency of storm systems. Little, Rose G. Wood, Nina MacDougall, Patrick E. McSharry (2009). Wales is also drier than Scotland in every month apart from May, June and December, and there are fewer days with rain than in Scotland. The counties that see the most storms are Kent, the eastern part of Surrey, Sussex, Greater London, Essex, Cambridgeshire, Hertfordshire, Suffolk, Norfolk and to a lesser extent Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire. The first frost of the winter usually occurs between October and December; frost is quite unusual in September, when the surrounding ocean is at or near its warmest, except on high ground. Read our, Guide to the United Kingdom: Planning Your Trip, The climate of the UK - Atmosphere and climate - Edexcel - GCSE Geography Revision - Edexcel - BBC Bitesize. [36] Mountainous areas of Wales and northern England, and almost all of Scotland, experience mean temperatures between 1.7 and 7.5 °C (35.1 and 45.5 °F). At the peak of summer, London experiences nearly 17 hours of daylight. Warmest and coldest months What is the weather like in the UK? TripSavvy uses only high-quality, trusted sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Mean winter temperatures in the UK are most influenced by proximity to the sea. The overall climate in England is called temperate maritime. [38] Hardiness zones in the UK are high, ranging from zone 7 in the Scottish Highlands, the Pennines and Snowdonia, to zone 10 on the Isles of Scilly. In winter they can bring long periods of cold dry weather and in summer long periods of hot dry weather. [36], Winter in the UK is defined as lasting from December to February. [42], December 2015 was the wettest calendar month ever recorded in the United Kingdom, and January 2016 the second wettest. Snow is pretty rare in London but if it does fall it's typically in January or February. Spring 2013 was also cold: March 2013 was the coldest month of the winter (and indeed 2013 as a whole), which is quite striking given that December 2012, January and February 2013 were all also below average in terms of temperature. In the 1990s and 2000s, most of the winters were milder and usually wetter than average, with below-freezing daytime temperatures a rare occurrence. Precipitation records date back to the eighteenth century and the modern England and Wales Precipitation series begins in 1766. The highest temperature recorded in England occurred on 25 July 2019 at Cambridge Botanic Garden. Northern Ireland is warmer than Scotland throughout the year. Scotland is generally cool compared to the rest of the UK, and the climate at altitude merges into Cfc on the Köppen system, with average minimum temperatures in January of −0.2 °C (31.6 °F). Radiation fog may develop over inland areas of Great Britain and can persist for hours or even days in the winter and can pose a major hazard for drivers and aircraft. [80], The averages shown below have been calculated using month CET data from 1659, using periods of 30 years as the WMO advises.[81]. Temperatures below freezing are not unusual in March, even in the south of the UK. [17], Below is a list of record temperatures for Northern Ireland, according to the UK Met Office.[2]. Make sure to pack waterproof footwear, an umbrella, and a trenchcoat. Visitors are sometimes surprised that temperatures in England between mid-March and mid-October don't vary a great deal. The winter of 2008/09 produced the heaviest snowfall since 1991 between 1 and 3 February, and the winter of 2009-10 was even more severe, with many parts of the United Kingdom having the coldest and snowiest winters since 1978/79; temperatures plummeted to −22.3 °C (−8.1 °F) at Altnaharra, Sutherland – close to the −22.9 °C (−9.2 °F) recorded in Antarctica in the same period. Temperatures are the highest in southern and central areas and lowest in the north. In England the average annual temperature varies from 8.5 °C (47.3 °F) in the north to 11 °C (51.8 °F) in the south, but over the higher ground this can be several degrees lower. This means that it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0ºC in winter and not much higher than 32ºC in summer. Don't let all this variability lure you into packing for the tropics, though! The landscape in much of England and east Wales became very parched, even near the coast; water restrictions were in place in some areas. Layers are also useful if you're staying in or visiting a historic building; you may need to pile on the extra jerseys to stay comfortable indoors. The temperature records in England are continuous back to the mid 17th century. This is noticeable in winter where there are only a few hours of sunshine. Such events are aided by the surrounding Atlantic Ocean and seas being at their warmest, keeping the country in warm air, despite the relatively weak sun. [1] Regional climates are influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and latitude. Temperatures across the U.K. vary by only a few degrees from place to place. On 9 April 2017, night-time temperatures fell to just 3 °C (37 °F) at Northolt, but 25 °C (77 °F) was reached in the afternoon. The rainiest month is January, when 17.8 days have more than 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain on average. The UK also holds the title for the highest known 'outbreak' of tornadoes outside of the United States. Ferne Arfin is a freelance travel writer who covers the U.K. and Greece for TripSavvy. Additionally, adding to the gloomy weather, there is minimal daylight throughout the winter, with London receiving as little as eight hours at the season's peak. The winter of 2016/17 was very nearly a very cold winter owing to the presence and position of high pressure, although ultimately only November 2016 was cold widely as a whole. [78] However, mild temperatures prevailed during winter 2018/19. [20], Wales has warmer temperatures throughout the year than Northern Ireland and Scotland and has milder winter minima than England, but cooler winter maxima than Northern Ireland. The tables give the normals for maximum and minimum daily temperatures based on weather data collected from 1981 to 2010. Very fortunately most tornadoes were short-lived and also weak (the strongest was around T5 on the TORRO Tornado Scale) and no deaths occurred. ), though the average summer high in London is around 21℃. The north has showers but also some longer dry spells. The Kiboomers! The season is generally cool, wet, windy, and cloudy. A beautiful time to visit, this season sees daffodils, bluebells, cherry blossom and rhododendrons bursting into bloom. Spring is the period from March to May. It is compared with the all series mean (1659-2018), the average the Met Office uses (1961-1990) and the most recent average (1981-2010). May is the sunniest month, averaging 186.8 hours. In 2011, the remnants of Hurricane Katia passed over northwestern Scotland with winds near 70 mph (110 km/h). Across the UK, September temperatures average a daily high of 18 degrees Celsius (64 degrees Fahrenheit) and a low of 10 °C (49 °F). Northern Ireland and the west of Scotland are the most exposed to the maritime polar air mass which brings cool moist air; the east of Scotland and north-east England are more exposed to the continental polar air mass which brings cold dry air. Western areas, closest to the Atlantic, experience these severe conditions more often than eastern areas. Many types of weather can be experienced in a single day. Quite windy in the south… In July 2019, BBC reported that records from the Met Office show that the 10 warmest years in the UK have occurred since 2002, with 2014 being the warmest. Scotland lies in the north of the United Kingdom and makes up the northern third of Great Britain. Some places in the Somerset Levels remained under water for most of the winter and well into spring. Hot weather above 27 °C (81 °F) in most places and in most years occurs on multiple days per year, but more frequently in London and south-east England where temperatures can exceed 30 °C (86 °F) and less so in parts of Scotland. [2], Below is a list of the highest and lowest daily minimum temperatures recorded in the UK. The mountains of Wales, Scotland, the Pennines in Northern England and the moors of South West England are the wettest parts of the country, and in some of these places as much as 4,577 millimetres (180.2 in) of rain can fall annually,[55] making these locations some of the wettest in Europe. [citation needed]. One of the greatest influences on the climate of the UK is the Atlantic Ocean and especially the Gulf Stream, which carries warm water up from lower latitudes and modifies the high latitude air masses that pass across the UK. That makes for a greater variety of changeable weather than you might expect. These resorts usually operate between December and April, depending on the snowfall. The impact of droughts is increased because the driest parts of England also have the highest population density, and therefore the highest water consumption. C above normal. The United Kingdom straddles the higher mid-latitudes between 49° and 61° N on the western seaboard of Europe. South: Southern England offer the best weather with mild winters. [45] Hardly any stations in Wales and Southern England recorded any air frosts, and temperatures were often comparable to those of April or May. They can on occasions bring prolonged periods of heavy rain, and flooding is quite common. The climate of the United Kingdom has not always been the way it is today. Temperatures in March seldom reach 20 °C (68 °F), as they did in 1990, 1993, 2012 and 2017, and this temperature is usually reached for the first time in April or May. [82][83] These averages are shown below. The Great Storm of 1987 was a very deep depression which formed in the Bay of Biscay, which also contained the remnants of Hurricane Floyd. Towards the later part of the season the weather usually stabilises with less wind, less precipitation and lower temperatures. Valley areas such as the South Wales Valleys, due to their north–south orientation, receive less sunshine than lowland areas because the mountains on either side of the valley obscure the sun in the early morning and late evening. When it comes to the weather, whatever you need to know you can find it here. Thunderstorms in general are not common in the U.K. [26] The southern half of England experiences the warmest spring temperatures of between 8.8 and 10.3 °C (47.8 and 50.5 °F). On average, the temperature ranges from 18 to 25 °C (64 to 77 °F). The further south you go the warmer it gets. The floors of inland valleys away from warming influence of the sea can be particularly cold as cold, dense air drains into them. In fact, it's not unusual for some tropical plants to thrive out of doors through the winter. We get a real mix of weather in the UK, one minute it can be raining, the next the sun is out. For the United Kingdom, record figures for barometric pressure recordings are:[54], Highest - 1053.6mb (Aberdeen, 31 January 1902), Lowest - 925.6mb (Ochtertyre, 26 January 1884). [46] Despite the warmth, it was the dullest December since 1989. Some of the country's heaviest snowfalls of recent years have happened in the first half of March, and snow showers can occur infrequently until mid-April. However, the worst floods in the United Kingdom in modern times occurred in the North Sea flood of 1953. Some plants flowered that would normally do so in the spring. Wind and high humidity make even relatively high temperatures feel much colder. Weather song for kids. In 1962 it snowed on Boxing Day, and snow lasted in most areas until 6 March, with blizzards through February, which had significant and documented effects on the FA Cup - Wrexham were forced to play on sand for one tie. And then in the winter time, temperatures can reach around zero degrees. Monthly extremes are only accepted by the UK Met Office if they are reported at stations below 500 metres (1,600 ft) in elevation. What's the Weather Like Today? Fires broke out in some areas, even across the normally damp higher ground of north-west England and Wales. [77], Southern England between the Isle of Wight and Beachy Head has been recognised as a 'hotspot' for tornadoes and waterspouts. [56][57] Most rainfall in the United Kingdom comes from North Atlantic depressions which roll into the country throughout the year from the west or southwest and are particularly frequent and intense in the autumn and winter. This question might not be specific enough. Jillian Dara is a freelance travel writer and fact checker. out over the world the United Kingdom has many different climate types and climate figures. Heatwaves and occasional droughts occur in Britain such as in the summers of 2003, 2006 and recently in 2018 when forest fires broke out in parts of England. However, events such as floods and drought may be experienced. This is in accordance with the met office, hence readings from the Cairn Gorm station are not on this list. Sunshine totals in every month are more than those of Scotland, but less than those of the rest of Great Britain. [52] On occasions, cold polar or continental air can be drawn in over the United Kingdom to bring very cold weather. [68], Strong winds occur mainly in the autumn and winter months associated with low pressure systems and Scotland experiences hurricane-force winds in most winters. England generally has higher maximum and minimum temperatures than the other areas of the UK, though Wales has higher minimum temperatures from November to February, and Northern Ireland has higher maximum temperatures from December to February. Frequently in the mountains potent depressions may move in from the north in the form of "polar lows", introducing heavy snow and often blizzard-like conditions to parts of the United Kingdom, particularly Scotland. [84] Lower temperatures have been frequently reported at slightly more elevated stations. The South West, the Midlands and Northern England get thunderstorms too, but they are less frequent and severe. [53], Barometric pressure plays a role in storm systems. Be prepared with the most accurate 10-day forecast for London, England, United Kingdom with highs, lows, chance of precipitation from The Weather Channel and Weather.com [50] Areas of high elevation tend to have higher wind speeds than low elevations, and Great Dun Fell in Cumbria (at 857 m or 2,812 ft) averaged 114 days of gale a year during the period 1963 to 1976. Parts of the United Kingdom have had drought problems in recent years, particularly in 2004-2006 and more recently in 2018. What to Pack: Don't forget your wellies! Even if you do experience an … Near the coast, sea fog may develop in the spring and early summer. The prevailing wind direction for England is from the south-west. Extended periods of extreme weather, such as the droughts of 1975–1976, summer 2006, and spring 2012, the long hot summers of 1911, 1976, 2003 2006 and 2018, and the winters of 1946–1947, 1962–1963, 2009–2010, and 2010–2011 are often caused by blocking anticyclones which can persist for several days, weeks, or even months. November 2010 saw an extremely severe cold snap, with lows of −18.0 °C (−0.4 °F) in Llysdinam on 28 November. This is due to a mild rainshadow effect, due to mountainous parts of the South West, Wales and Cumbria blocking the moist airflow across the country to the east. Four people died in the flooding and over £1.5 billion of damage to businesses and properties was caused. As stated below, 27 May was the hottest day of the year in 2012 in most parts of the UK. In general the climate of the UK is cool and often cloudy and rainy. Since the UK is always in or close to the path of the polar front jet stream, frequent changes in pressure and unsettled weather are typical. The south coast of England is the sunniest part of the country. Autumn can sometimes be a cold season - in recent years, very low temperatures and heavy snowfall have been recorded during November 1985, November 1993 and November 2010. Current weather in London and forecast for today, tomorrow, and next 14 days This is in accordance with the met office, hence readings from the Cairn Gorm station are not on this list. Temperatures typically range from 48 degrees to 60 degrees, but Her work has appeared in Travel + Leisure, USA Today 10Best, Michelin Guide, Hemispheres, DuJour, and Jetsetter. Sunshine totals throughout the year are more than that of Scotland and Northern Ireland, but less than that of neighbouring England. Detailed forecasts for the next week in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Read on for more information about the United Kingdom's climate, season-by-season, as well as suggestions for what to pack. Unsettled.Monday: Scotland and north eastern England have sunshine and showers. [39] In zone 7, the average lowest temperature each year is between −17.7 and −12.3 °C (0.1 and 9.9 °F), and in zone 10, this figure is between −1.1 and 4.4 °C (30.0 and 39.9 °F).[40]. In addition, the land may become colder than the ocean, resulting in significant amounts of condensation and rain-bearing clouds. High temperatures are infrequent. Luckily, they very rarely dip below that. [27] Climatic differences at this time of year are more influenced by latitude and proximity to the ocean. Autumn, particularly the latter part, is often the stormiest time of the year. Snow falls in the UK every year, but in small quantities. The Central Lowlands have higher temperatures during the summer than any other part of Scotland, and have also broken some records for the whole of the UK. Even further south, low temperatures can be recorded, with temperatures well below freezing as far south as Heathrow Airport on 29–31 October 1997, with a lower temperature than any recorded at this station in March, November or December 1997 and even the following January 1998; only on 2 and 4 February 1998 were lower temperatures recorded here that winter. And it's not unknown for a holiday weekend in August to be brisk. Many places had heavy snowfall and extreme cold, temperatures regularly fell below −10.0 °C (14.0 °F) across many areas. [50] Northern, western and mountainous areas are generally the cloudiest areas of the UK, with some mountainous areas receiving fewer than 1,000 hours of sunshine a year.[50]. By March, temperatures in the U.K. start to warm up and frost is more uncommon. Although the bridge was poorly constructed and had already been weakened in earlier gales (including the pre-existing winds at the time of the tragedy), the ultimate failure is believed to have been caused by two or three waterspouts which were sighted close to the bridge immediately before the accident. Weather in Orkney: Climate, Seasons, and Average Monthly Temperature, The Weather and Climate in Turks and Caicos, Weather in London: Climate, Seasons, and Average Monthly Temperature, The Weather and Climate in Brooklyn, New York, Everything You Need to Know About the Weather in Naples, Italy, Weather in Southern China: Climate, Seasons, and Average Monthly Temperature, Weather in the United Kingdom: Climate, Seasons, and Average Monthly Temperature. [87], According to the Met Office, in the UK, the decade from 2000 to 2009 was the warmest since instrumental record dating started in 1850. A temperature of −26.1 °C (−15.0 °F) was recorded under such conditions at Edgmond in Shropshire on 10 January 1982, the coldest temperature recorded in England and Wales. The last glacial period was a period of extreme cold weather that lasted for tens of thousands of years and ended about 10,000 years ago. These storms are severe in the South West and South East and get weaker as they go north. [80], Boris Johnson announced that UK will set a target of 68% reduction in GHG emissions by the year 2030 and include this target in its commitments in the Paris agreement. The prevailing wind is from the southwest, bearing frequent spells of mild and wet weather from the Atlantic Ocean. Wales Weather, climate and geography Weather and climate Best time to visit. Temperatures in the coastal areas, however, can be very warm in summer ranging from 15°C (59°F) to rare highs of around 25°C (77°F). [85], Below is a list of the highest and lowest daily maximum temperatures recorded in the UK. (CET was 9.7 °C (49.5 °F), this is warmer than even any March[44]). The following winter was the opposite: in many places, only on 11 and 12 January was any snow recorded (some places having no snow at all), and the entire country was battered by a series of severe depressions and storms. Blizzards have become rarer in the 21st century, although much of England was affected by one on 30 January 2003. Although the United Kingdom is about the same size as Michigan, it is an island caught between the warmer Atlantic Gulf Stream and the frigid North Sea. If the air masses are strong enough in their respective areas during the summer, there can sometimes be a large difference in temperature between the far north of Scotland (including its islands) and the south-east of England – often a difference of 10-15 °C (18-27 °F) but sometimes as much as 20 °C (36 °F) or more. However, the United Kingdom sometimes experiences an "Indian summer", when temperatures, particularly by night, can be very mild and rarely fall below 10 °C (50 °F). Below is the data for 2019. Hottest Month: July and August (66 F / 19 C), Coldest Month: January and February (41 F / 5 C). In the height of summer the Northern Isles can have temperatures around 15 °C (59 °F), while Cambridge in the East of England, on 25 July 2019, reached 38.7 °C (101.7 °F).[2]. Average Weather in London United Kingdom. Temperatures typically range from 48 degrees to 60 degrees, but the weather is often wet and windy. [34] On 13 October 2018, temperatures reached 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) at Donna Nook in Lincolnshire, the latest in the year such a high temperature had been recorded. [43] December 2015 was also the warmest December averaged over the whole UK, and the CET had the warmest December on record. High temperatures are infrequent. On average in the UK, July is the warmest month and June is the sunniest while the rainfall totals throughout the UK in summer can be rather variable. In London, the summers are short, comfortable, and partly cloudy and the winters are long, very cold, windy, and mostly cloudy. Pair this with a water-resistant (or ideally, waterproof) jacket for periodic rain showers, as well as waterproof shoes. An unofficial gust of 194 mph was recorded in the Shetland Isles during the New Year's Day Storm on 1 January 1992, and an equal unofficial 194 mph wind gust is claimed to have been set in the Cairngorm Mountains on 19 December 2008. UK Weather report for the upcoming week. Regardless of when you visit the U.K., you should expect rain and damp weather, but especially in the spring. [28] The record maximum is 38.7 °C (101.7 °F), recorded in Cambridge on 25 July 2019. In July maximum temperatures on the Falkland Islands are around 5 degrees Celsius (41.0 degrees Fahrenheit) while temperatures in Caribbean destinations such as the Cayman Islands and And keep in mind too that days are much shorter in England through the winter than they are in North America or further south in Europe. Frost is common and occasionally snow, but the season is mostly wet and windy. July 2006 was the hottest month on record for the United Kingdom and much of Europe,[60] however England has had warmer spells of 31 days which did not coincide with a calendar month—in 1976 and 1995. United Kingdom. On average in the UK, July is the warmest month of the year but June is the sunniest. [65], While the United Kingdom is not particularly noted for extreme weather, as the regions cool, oceanic climate is opposed to convective storms. [47], The average total annual sunshine in the United Kingdom is 1339.7 hours, which is just under 30% of the maximum possible (The maximum hours of sunshine possible in one year is approximately 4476 hours). Rainfall amounts can vary greatly across the United Kingdom: generally the further west and the higher the elevation, the greater the rainfall. By the time the storm affected south-east England and the Netherlands, the surge had reached the height of 3.6 metres (12 ft). There is never a bad time to visit the United Kingdom, but for the most reliable weather come during the summer months (June-August) when the days are long and warm. Cherry blossom in the Meadows, Edinburgh You can expect average maximum temperatures to range from approximately 7°C (45°F) to 13 °C (55°F) during the months of March, April and May. During this period the temperature was so low that much of the surrounding ocean froze and a great ice sheet extended over all of the United Kingdom except the south of England (connected to mainland Europe via the dry English Channel) and southern coastal areas of Wales. WEATHER forecasts for the weekend predict wind, cloud and rain across regions of the UK. [31] The autumn of 2013 was also littered with severe storms, including the St. Jude's Storm on 28 October 2013. On 23 November 1981, 105 tornadoes were spawned by a cold front in the space of 5.25 hours. Britain’s unique weather is all down to the fact it is an island and where it’s positioned on the planet, between the Atlantic Ocean and a large land mass, continental Europe. The temperature varies with the seasons but seldom drops below -10 degrees Celsius (14.0° Fahrenheit) or rises above 35 degrees Celsius (95° Fahrenheit). Some events such as the Great Storm of 1987 occurred near to the UK and caused damage in England. The United Kingdom has a temperate oceanic climate, with plentiful rainfall all year round. Northeast: Northeast England, is the coolest in the country. Generally, the United Kingdom has cool winters and cool summers with moderate variation in temperature throughout the year. It soared to 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) in Cambridge on 25 July 2019: the highest temperature ever recorded in the United Kingdom. Weather is a favourite conversation topic in the UK, whilst the weather is rarely extreme, it is very changeable and visitors to the UK may experience elements of all four seasons during their stay. The hottest month of the year is normally July when the peak temperature can be 90 F (30 C) but the average temperature in July is about 70 F (22 C). The winters of 2008/09, 2009/10 and 2010/11, however, had below or well below average temperatures, with large snowfall amounts widespread and very low temperatures; this was the first series of three consecutive cold winters in the UK since the 1960s. Northern Ireland, Wales and western parts of England and Scotland, being closest to the Atlantic Ocean, are generally the mildest, wettest and windiest regions of the UK, and temperature ranges here are seldom extreme. The Weather Channel and weather.com provide a national and local weather forecast for cities, as well as weather radar, report and hurricane coverage These warm ocean currents also bring substantial amounts of humidity which contributes to the notoriously wet climate that western parts of the UK experience. However, the cold subsided after Christmas Day, 2010. Autumn in the United Kingdom lasts from September to November. 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Not much lower than 0ºC in winter and not much higher than 32ºC in.! The mountains of Wales, according to the weather in the United Kingdom straddles the higher elevation. Detailed forecasts for the tropics, though the average ; February 2015 was the dullest December since 1989 of rain! Guide, Hemispheres, DuJour, and a good pair of waterproof walking shoes spread into south western,... Might not be specific enough holiday weekend in August to be warmer than June, as it was warmer...
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