the rape of the lock
A whole host of sylphs descend on the lock, trying to twitch the hair and Belinda’s earring to gain her attention and alert her to the danger. The final form of the poem appeare… Yet you may bear me witness, it was intended only to divert a few young Ladies, who have good sense and good humour enough to laugh not only at their sex's little unguarded follies, but at their own. He explains how a woman’s defence is achieved. [12], Early Italian verse translations of the poem include Andrea Bonducci's Il Riccio Rapito (Florence 1739), followed by Antonio Schinella Conti's version, begun much earlier and finally published in Venice in 1751. ※Moved to Binfieldin 1700 Humpbacked anddeformed 4. (Martial, Epigrams 12.84) What dire offence from am'rous causes springs, What mighty contests rise from trivial things, I sing—This verse to Caryl, Muse! 1 Review . Alexander Pope’s The Rape of the Lock is a poem of five cantos, written in rhyming couplets.. [1] One of the most commonly cited examples of high burlesque, it was first published anonymously in Lintot's Miscellaneous Poems and Translations (May 1712) in two cantos (334 lines); a revised edition "Written by Mr. Pope" followed in March 1714 as a five-canto version (794 lines) accompanied by six engravings. When she demands that he restore the lock, however, it is nowhere to be found. The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope. The poem’s center of focus is around the experience of a beautiful woman, Belinda, who lost her lock of remarkable hair to a nobleman known as the Baron. [5] Pope, writing pseudonymously as Esdras Barnivelt, also published A Key to the Lock in 1714 as a humorous warning against taking the poem too seriously.[6]. The humour of the poem comes from the storm in a teacup being couched within the elaborate, formal verbal structure of an epic poem. Ariel, disturbed by the impending event although not knowing what it will be, summons many sylphs to her and instructs them to guard Belinda from anything that may befall her, whether she "forget her prayers, or miss a masquerade, Or lost her heart, or necklace, at a ball" (line 108–109). Belinda is told in a dream about the danger of life. The Rape of the Lock: Canto 1. Pope's poem uses the traditional high stature of classical epics to emphasise the triviality of the incident. The first edition of The Rape of the Lock has been given as an appendix in order that the student may have the opportunity of comparing the two forms of this poem, and of realizing the admirable art with which Pope blended old and new in the version that is now the only one known to the average reader. Arabella Fermor and her suitor, Lord Petre, were both from aristocratic recusant Catholic families, at a time in England when, under such laws as the Test Act, all denominations except Anglicanism suffered legal restrictions and penalties. [13] The vogue for Pope's work went on to blossom at the start of the 19th century with separate translations by Federico Federici (Faziola 1819),[14] Vincenzo Benini (Milan 1819),[15] Sansone Uzielli (Livorno 1822),[16] and Antonio Beduschi (Milan 1830). Furthermore, Du Guernier's frontispiece owes its iconography to a print by Étienne Baudet after a painting by Francesco Albani of Venus at her Toilette, making for an identification of Belinda with the goddess. It was based on an actual event recounted to the poet by Pope's friend, John Caryll. An imperfect copy having been offered to a Bookseller, you had the good nature for my sake to consent to the publication of one more correct: This I was forced to, before I had executed half my design, for the Machinery was entirely wanting to complete it. Many people, moved by Belinda's grief, demand the lock back, but the Baron is unrepentant and refuses. The nine photo-engravings with which Aubrey Beardsley "embroidered" the 1896 edition of the poem[32] drew on the French rococo style, in which there was a contemporary revival of interest. is due: You can view our. Read an overview of the entire poem or a line by line Summary and Analysis. [28] He also illustrated the Cave of Spleen episode from Canto 4, but this met with contemporary scepticism[29] and the original is now lost. The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic Narrative Poem written by Alexander Pope, first published anonymously in Lintot's Miscellany in May 1712 in two cantos (334 lines), but then revised, expanded and reissued under Pope's name on 2 March 1714, in a much-expanded 5-canto version (794 lines). Translations of the poem into French, Italian and German were all made in the first half of the 18th century. At this moment, … ]", "A new audience for Pope - Simon Beattie", "The Cave of Spleen, with Umbriel Receiving from the Goddess the Bag and Vial", "Favourite Find: Aubrey Beardsley's illustrations for 'The Rape of the Lock, "All that jazz… with a bit of opera and theatre mixed in - Latest - News - The University of Sheffield", Peri Bathous, Or the Art of Sinking in Poetry, Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady, Dictys Cretensis Ephemeridos belli Trojani, Daretis Phrygii de excidio Trojae historia, The Trojan War Will Not Take Place (Tiger at the Gates), The Ambassadors of Agamemnon in the tent of Achilles, Menelaus supporting the body of Patroclus, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Rape_of_the_Lock&oldid=1012711270, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 March 2021, at 21:56. The Rape of the Lock remains a crucial part of Pope’s early career, its perfectly controlled execution and jubilant tone reflecting the cautiously happy security he would not long enjoy. In the beginning of this mock-epic, Pope declares that a "dire offence" (Canto 1 line 1) has been committed. Others in those languages followed later, as well as in Dutch, Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Polish, Swedish and Danish. [18], In 1717 Giles Jacob published his bawdy parody, The Rape of the Smock, the plot of which turns on voyeurism and enforced seduction,[19] building on erotic undertones present in Pope's poem which were to be taken up by its illustrators, and reached an apotheosis in Aubrey Beardsley's work. The Sylphs endeavor furiously to intervene, blowing the hair out of harm’s way and tweaking her diamond earring to make … The poem's title does not refer to the extreme of sexual rape, but to an earlier definition of the word derived from the Latin rapere (supine stem raptum), "to snatch, to grab, to carry off"[3][4]—in this case, the theft and carrying away of a lock of hair. The first version, published in 1712, consisted of two cantos; the final version, published in 1714, was expanded to five cantos. The Rape of the Lock was written by Alexander Pope and first published in 1712, then reworked and published again in 1714. Luise Gottsched's verse translation, Der Lockenraub, was begun in the 1730s, again using a French prose version. … The following entry presents criticism of Pope's poem The Rape of the Lock (written in two cantos in 1712, later expanded to five cantos in 1714, and slightly revised in 1717). As to the following Cantos, all the passages of them are as fabulous as the Vision at the beginning or the Transformation at the end; (except the loss of your Hair, which I always mention with reverence). Reassuring Belinda in this way, Ariel is in fact undermining her moral position. I know how disagreeable it is to make use of hard words before a lady; but 'tis so much the concern of a poet to have his works understood and particularly by your sex, that you must give me leave to explain two or three difficult terms. Belinda’s loss comes as a complete devastation to her and a lively fight ensues. [26] The 1798 edition, for example, illustrated by a variety of contemporary artists, is particularly noted now for Thomas Stothard's watercolour in which fairies are pictured with wings. Alexander Pope. Elston Press, 1902 - English poetry - 23 pages. The Rape of the Lock (1712; revised 1714) is a mock epic. The mockery takes different forms and employs different devices. When Belinda discovers her lock is gone, she falls into a tantrum, while the Baron celebrates his victory. Oil paintings by two artists rise a little above this judgment. [30] Only Thomas Holloway's print remains to suggest that critics might have been right in seeing in it more "burlesque than sublimity". In The Rape of the Lock, Petre, represented by the character the Baron, obsesses over a lock of hair upon beautiful Belinda’s head. Advised by William Blake to make the sylphs like butterflies, Stothard decided to "paint the wing from the butterfly itself" and immediately went out to catch one.[27]. [37], A performance of the last act is available on, "La Boucle de Cheveux enlevée; poëme héroï-comique de Monsieur Pope. He then proceeds to tell the story of this offence. The poem is sarcastically laughing at the epic world of the gods.It was based on an incident that was remembered by Pope's friend, John Caryll. ‘The Rape of the Lock’ was published in May 1712 when Pope was just twenty-four; he dashed off the first version in ‘less than a fortnight’s time’ at some point during 1711. ※Born in a Catholicfamily Suffered fromprejudices Educated in Twyford 2. Alexander Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock” offers an ironic glance of court life in the 18th-century, highlighting societies centralized on beauty and appearance. The mock-heroic/epic form draws from the traditional epic narratives (like the Illiad, Aenied, Odyssey etc.) According to these gentlemen, the four elements are inhabited by spirits, which they call Sylphs, Gnomes, Nymphs, and Salamanders. [21] Although the work of this artist has been described as unimaginative,[22] he goes beyond his literal brief in making Belinda sleep in unwarranted décolletage in the first canto, while in the second giving the "painted vessel" on its way down the Thames the tilted perspective of the Ship of Fools. Belinda's legitimate rage is thus alleviated and tempered by her good humour, as directed by the character Clarissa.[7]. For they say, any mortals may enjoy the most intimate familiarities with these gentle spirits, upon a condition very easy to all true adepts, an inviolate preservation of Chastity. Finding her dejected in the arms of the woman Thalestris, Umbriel pours the contents over them both. Pope, also a Catholic, wrote the poem at the request of friends in an attempt to "comically merge the two" worlds, the heroic with the social. The Rape of the Lock is the masterpiece of the mock heroic as it mocks at the maximum amount of the epic. A gnome named Umbriel now journeys to the Cave of Spleen and from the Queen receives a bag of "sighs, sobs, and passions, and the war of tongues" (canto 4 line 84) and a vial filled "with fainting fears, soft sorrows, melting griefs, and flowing tears" (line 85–86) and brings them to Belinda. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Rape of the Lock! Clarissa draws out a pair of scissors, like a lady equipping a knight for battle, and the Baron seizes them and prepares to snip off the lock. ‘A few young Ladies’ However, she revised it totally once she managed to obtain the original text in English and in this way pioneered an interest in English literature in the German-language area. [By Giles Jacob. The Rape of The Lock is an excellent example of mock- epic or heroi-comical poem in English Literature. Almost every aspect of the fashionable society of the time is mocked at by Pope, and the mockery sends us into peals of laughter. And, although she looks around three times, the Baron simply evades her glance each time and then moves closer again. Clarissa admonishes them to keep their good humour, but they will not listen and instead a battle ensues with glares, songs and wits as weapons. Modern adaptations of The Rape of the Lock include Deborah Mason's opera-ballet, on which the composer worked since 2002. [20], The 1714 edition of The Rape of the Lock and those that followed from Lintot's press had come with six woodcuts designed by Louis Du Guernier. He also explains that the new version contains what he calls "the machinery", the spirits called Sylphs, Nymphs, Gnomes and Salamanders, which fulfill the roles taken by … The conspiring Baron acquires a pair of scissors and tries to snip off one of her locks, but he is prevented by the watchful Sylphs. The Rape of the Lock overview. The poem is in effect a satire upon the fashionable world of eighteenth century, and more especially upon feminine frivolity. The Rape of the Lock The Rape of the Lock is a narrative poem by Alexander Pope that was first published in 1712. The Rape of the Lock. Pope boasted that this sold more than three thousand copies in its first four days. The poem satirises a small incident by comparing it to the epic world of the gods. When Umbriel returns, he finds Belinda in the arms of Thalestris, a lady at court, who is lamenting the lock ’s loss. [33] Well received at the time, their enduring popularity can be attributed to their reinterpreting of the poem in ways only a very few had managed earlier. Belinda has a dream warning her to beware of men and vanity. [23], The German translation of the poem published from Leipzig in 1744 had five copperplate engravings by Anna Maria Werner (1689–1753), the court painter of Saxony. Pope arguably satirises it from within rather than looking down judgmentally on the characters. In Canto III of Alexander Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock,” Pope describes Belinda’s overseeing of a battle of not-so-epic proportions: “Belinda now, whom thirst of fame invites, / Burns to encounter two advent’rous Knights, / At Ombre singly to decide their doom; / And swells her … The Rape of the Lock and Other Poems (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962), 95. seemingly unaware of the poem’s play on the traditional association of virginity and uncut hair, or indeed any of the sexual entendres pervading the poem. It is frequently referred to as a mock-heroic or mock-epic poem, on account of its parodic relationship with classical epics such as Homer’s The Iliad, and with the English epic tradition, especially John Milton’s Paradise Lost. The Petres and the Fermors were now of course at loggerheads. View all It has been made a constellation and is destined to outlast the contestants. The Gnomes or Dæmons of Earth delight in mischief; but the Sylphs, whose habitation is in the air, are the best-conditioned creatures imaginable. He eventually takes the lock by cutting it. The Rape of the Lock, mock-epic poem in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope. Building an altar, he places on it "all the trophies of his former loves" (line 40), sets them on fire and fervently prays "soon to obtain, and long possess" (line 44) the lock. Preview this book » What people are saying - Write a review. [24] It has been observed, however, that the places they depict are not specifically English and that the scene of the game of ombre in Canto 3 is "clearly based on a Leipzig coffee-house", complete with lapdogs tumbling on the floor. A scandalous incident in high society had estanged two families who had formerly been friends: Lord Petre had cut off a lock of Arabella Fermor’s hair. The human persons are as fictitious as the airy ones, and the character of Belinda, as it is now managed, resembles you in nothing but in Beauty. [2] The final form of the poem appeared in 1717 with the addition of Clarissa's speech on good humour. Available Get ready to write your essay on The Rape of the Lock. ‘A common acquaintance’, John Caryll, ask… The mock epic developed in the 18th century, since learning was spreading. in its grand and elevated style but it also serves the purpose of satirising and mocking (often with humour) at the triviality of representing the insignificant with grandeur. "[10] A verse translation by Jean-François Marmontel followed in 1746. It was followed in 1819 by Den bortröfvade hårlocken by Jonas Magnus Stjernstolpe (1777–1831), and by the Danish imitation Belinde, eller den røvede Haarlok by Anton Martini (1773–1847) in 1829. See a complete list of the characters in Henry Fuseli's erotic The Dream of Belinda (1789–1790) goes beyond the actual episode to incorporate other imagery from the poem and some details peculiar only to Fuseli, such as the white moths in copulation in the lower foreground. Readers could understand the epic references and the criticism they reflected at contemporary life. Pope boasted that this sold more than three thousand copies in its first four days. From then on, "Pope became very popular as a model for German poets from the 1750s onwards and remained an important source of inspiration throughout the second half of the 18th century," and in particular as a model for mock heroic poetry. In Two Cantos. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Despite there being a playful French model for this kind of writing in Boileau's Lutrin, the translator claims of Pope's work in the preface that "I do not believe that there can be found in our language anything more ingenious, in this playful genre. This happens three times, but in the end the Baron succeeds (also cutting a Sylph in two although Pope reassures us, parodying a passage in Paradise Lost, that "airy substance soon unites again" [line 152]). A lord has assaulted a "gentle belle" (line 8), causing her to reject him. She asks if it was for this that Belinda took such pains with her hair, doing everything from using “torturing irons” to straining her “tender head” with “fillets.” She worries that the The best account I know of them is in a French book called Le Comte de Gabalis, which both in its title and size is so like a novel, that many of the fair sex have read it for one by mistake. Most of the time, the action of the poem revolves around the rape of Belinda’s lock by a baren.Belinda being a pretty girl and having curly locks on her head; attracts the attention of young folk. Moțac Andreea Faculty of Letters 2nd year of studies The Rape of the Lock By Alexander Pope - mock-heroic poem- “The rape of the lock” is a mock-heroic (mock-epic) poem, a poem that imitates the elevate style and conventions (invocations of the Gods, descriptions of armor, battles, extended similes, etc.) P. F. Guyot Desfontaines]", "Il Riccio rapito, di Alessandro Pope, traduzione di Federico Federici, ...", "Il riccio rapito; tradotto ed illustrato da G. Vincenzo Benini", "Il Riccio Rapito ... tradotto da A. Beduschi", "Dansk oversættelse af Alexander Popes "The rape of the Lock, "The Rape of the Smock. The sylphs in this poem are both in mirror and mock customs and conventions of the society of the time. Study Guides. By Alexander Pope. [34] Its premiere was as an opera-oratorio in June 2016, performed by the Spectrum Symphony of New York city and the New York Baroque Dance Company. Alexander Pope's mock-epic The Rape of the Lock reflects the age of Enlightenment and the resurgence of a Neo-Classicism in the eighteenth century. The abduction of Helen of Troy becomes here the theft of a lock of hair; the gods become minute sylphs; the description of Achilles' shield becomes an excursus on one of Belinda's petticoats. [35][36] There was a 2006 performance at Sheffield University's Drama Studio of a musical work based on Pope's poem composed by Jenny Jackson. Pope added to the second edition the following dedicatory letter to Mrs. Arabella Fermor: It will be in vain to deny that I have some regard for this piece, since I dedicate it to You. Clarissa draws out her scissors for his use, as a lady would arm a knight in a romance. . Reference to the context: These lines have been selected from the Canto IV of the long narrative poem “The Rape of the Lock” written by Alexander Pope. “The Rape of the Lock” is a poem which is written in the mock-heroic or the mock-epic form. The Rape of the Lock describes what happened just before (the heroine waking up and getting dressed for the party), during (the card game at the party that she plays, which distracts her) and just after (the heroine and her friends completely freaking out over her unwanted new do) Lord Petre snips off Belle Fermor's hair, but in the most elaborate language and fanciful style possible. The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope. It is based on the use of epic language, action, structure, but in narrating trifling incidents with the aim of proving insignificance. The Rape of the Lock is a social satire. Belinda then awakes and gets ready for the day with the help of her maid, Betty. This portrayal of an insignificant event in this text emphasizes the absurdity of the affluent class’s priorities. It is a satire on contemporary society which showcases the lifestyle led by some people of that age. “The Rape of the Lock” may be described as a satirical comedy of manners. It continues to inspire much critical examination. But as it was communicated with the air of a secret, it soon found its way into the world. In terms of the sensibilities of the age, however, even this non-consensual personal invasion might be interpreted as bringing dishonour. The Baron, one of Belinda's suitors, greatly admires these locks and conspires to steal one. While Belinda is still asleep, her guardian Sylph Ariel forewarns her that "some dread event impends". [31] In the following century, Charles Robert Leslie's 1854 period piece, Sir Plume Demands the Restoration of the Lock, takes place in a cluttered drawing room in which the kind of lap dog present in many previous pictures feeds from a dish on the floor. Apart from the general mockery of the epic form, in its similes, and the epic matter with its machinery, its battles, its journeys on water and down to the underworld, its harangues, there is particular mockery of a detail. Teachers, check out our ideas for how you can creatively incorporate SparkNotes materials into your classroom instruction. The inner satellite Belinda was discovered in 1986, and is the only other of the planet's twenty-seven moons taken from Pope's poem rather than Shakespeare's works. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope, Alexander Pope, 1906, Ginn & company edition, (For example, Petre, being a Catholic, could not take the place in the House of Lords that would otherwise have been rightfully his.) Go to BN.com to get your copy of these helpful resources. Traduit [in prose] de l'Anglois par Mr. ** [i.e. Based on an actual incident and written to reconcile the families that had been estranged by Continue your study of The Rape of the Lock with these useful links. Available in 1717 with the addition of Clarissa 's speech on good humour is an excellent example of mock- or! 'S friend, John Caryll way, Ariel is in fact undermining her moral position been committed feminine frivolity Meanwhile! Even this non-consensual personal invasion might be interpreted as bringing dishonour air of a secret, it is a upon. Low camp '' has a dream warning her to beware of men and vanity ( 1712 ; revised ). Feminine frivolity the day with the Baron and throws snuff up his to! By line Summary and Analysis explains how a woman ’ s loss comes as a list! Machines I determined to raise on a very new and odd foundation, the Baron and snuff. 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