As elsewhere in the Muslim world, the two branches of Islam came into conflict in Azerbaijan. The Muslim population is approximately 20% Shi'a and 2% Sunni; differences traditionally have not been defined sharply. Enforcement of Shi'a Islam as the state religion brought contention between the Safavid rulers and the ruling Sunnis of the neighboring Ottoman Empire. In the sixteenth century, the first shah of the Safavid Dynasty, Ismail I (r. 1486-1524), established Shi'a Islam as the state religion, although a portion of people remained Sunni. During the tenures of Leonid Brezhnev and Mikhail Gorbachev, Moscow encouraged Muslim religious leaders in Azerbaijan to visit and host foreign Muslim leaders, with the goal of advertising the freedom of religion and superior living conditions reportedly enjoyed by Muslims under Soviet communism. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) By Benjamin Elisha Sawe on April 25 2017 in Society.

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Before Soviet power was established, about 2,000 mosques were active in Azerbaijan. Abstract: Azerbaijan (Atropatgan) is one of the main and ancient places of Iran where it has Aryan residents. Azerbaijan has a population of more than 9 million with 52% being urban population while 48% being rural population.
The Politicization of Islam in Azerbaijan", "Azerbaijani Jews worried over increasing radical Islamists, By Amiram Barkat, Haaretz - 02.15.2006", "BBC NEWS - Europe - Azeri poverty fuels rise of Islam", "Azerbaijan: Does Wahhabism Pose A Threat? Russians in Azerbaijan account for 1% of the population. After independence, the laws regarding religion are quite clear. However, all this only came to be confirmed in the aftermath of the next and last war between Russia and Iran, the Russo-Persian War (1826-1828) and the resulting Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828.

Unlike the rest of the country which was staunchly secular and which can be considered religiously progressive, Nardaran was the only place in the whole of Azerbaijan where its inhabitants are devoutly religious and fundamentalist, where its streets display religious banners and where most women wear chadors in public. Many were built with the support of other Islamic countries, such as Iran, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, which also contributed Qur'ans and religious instructors to the new Muslim states. [10] In the aftermath, Iran was forced to cede therefore almost all of Azerbaijan according to the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813 to Russia.